What women think of their bodies

Ms Shloim said that in both the UK and Israel, self-esteem rarely got better or worse when women became pregnant.

But she said: "Israeli women who are a healthy weight still tend to restrict their eating, they are really aware of what and how much they eat. They don't allow themselves to eat as much as they want, even when they are pregnant. In the UK, women who are a healthy weight when they become pregnant don't restrict themselves.

"We can say that UK women tend to feel better about their own bodies," Ms Shloim said.

Project supervisor Marion Hetherington said: "In this country we have a Western, almost US approach to body image, compared to other European countries like France and Switzerland, where women are the most conscious of what they eat. Efforts that women go to in order to maintain a lower body weight are higher in Israel."