The names of the Hebrew months that we use now were not known until after the Babylonian exile. The Torah refers to months by their number and place in the order of the year. Pesach, we are told, takes place in the first month (Nisan) while Yom Kippur and Succot are in the seventh (Tishri). In other biblical books we learn the Hebrew names for just three months: Yerach Eitainim (Tishri), Yerach Bul (Cheshvan) and Yerach Ziv (Iyar).
Interestingly, archaeological digs at Gezer between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv uncovered artifacts from King Solomon's time with a set of agricultural names for the months such as "the moon of planting" or the moon of sowing".
When the Jewish exiles returned to Israel from Babylon in the 516 BCE, they brought with them the Babylonian names of months, which the Jewish calendar has employed ever since.