It is not always easy to translate a word of Torah, especially if it appears only once or twice in Tanach. The identification of a particular plant, bird or animal is particularly fraught with difficulties as the biblical authors were not familiar with the sciences of fauna and flora.
Parashat Vayetze is one of two places in Tanach where what comes to be translated as “mandrake” appears. The second example is found in Song of Songs 13:7.
Medical or botanical dictionaries define mandrake thus: “a Mediterranean solanaceous herb of the genus Mandragora (M. officinarum) that has greenish yellow or purple flowers, globose yellow fruits formerly supposed to have aphrodisiac properties, and a large usually forked root resembling a human in form and formerly credited with magical properties”.
The mandrake of Parashat Vayetze is not described in detail but, found by Reuben (Jacob and Leah’s firstborn), it is the subject of sisterly rivalry between Leah and Rachel.