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Judaism

Parashah of the week: Va’era

“Yet Pharaoh hardened his heart and he did not heed them, as Hashem had said” Exodus 7:13

January 24, 2025 10:11
Aaron and Moses.jpg
Aaron's rod turning into a serpent at the court of Pharaoh (Phllip Medhurst Collection of Bible Illustrations/Wikimedia Commons)
1 min read

Like the hard-boiled, burnt egg on our seder plate, Pharaoh’s heart grows harder with each of the seven plagues in our parashah. A close reading shows that for the first five plagues “Pharaoh hardened his heart”, refusing to let the people go.

Each hardening brings the next, more horrific plague on Egypt (and the plagues were not cartoon-cute as many Haggadot make out). However for the final five plagues, the language subtly shifts: “God hardened Pharaoh’s heart”.

There are serious challenges with the idea of God hardening Pharoah’s heart. If God hardened Pharoah’s heart, how can Pharaoh be held responsible for the intransigence which kept the Israelites in Egypt? Connected with this is a more concerning problem: what are the theological implications of God punishing the whole of Egypt for that intransigence if it was in fact caused by God?

Are Pharaoh and the Egyptians mere instruments for God to demonstrate power? And underpinning this all, what happened to free will?

Topics:

Sidrah